PMID- 29405076 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20190124 LR - 20190124 IS - 1746-045X (Electronic) IS - 1746-0441 (Linking) VI - 13 IP - 5 DP - 2018 May TI - Tools to investigate and avoid drug-hypersensitivity in drug development. PG - 425-433 LID - 10.1080/17460441.2018.1437141 [doi] AB - INTRODUCTION: Drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHRs) are common adverse effects of pharmaceuticals that clinically resemble allergies, and which are becoming an important burden to healthcare systems. Alongside accurate diagnostic techniques, tools which can predict potential drug-inducing hypersensitivity reactions in the pre-clinical phase are critical. Despite the important adverse reactions linked to immune-mediated hypersensitivity, at present, there are no validated or required in vivo or in vitro methods to screen the sensitizing potential of drugs and their metabolites in the pre-clinical phase. Areas covered: Enhanced prediction in preclinical safety evaluation is extremely important. The purpose of this review is to assess the state of the art of tools available to assess the allergenic potential of drugs and to highlight our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying inappropriate immune activation. Expert opinion: The knowledge that allergenic drugs share common mechanisms of immune cell activation with chemical allergens, and of the definition of the mechanistic pathway to adverse outcomes, can enhance targeting toxicity testing in drug development and hazard assessment of hypersensitivity. Additional efforts and extensive resources are necessary to improve preclinical testing methodologies, including optimization, better design and interpretation of data. FAU - Corsini, Emanuela AU - Corsini E AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6927-5956 AD - a Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Science and Policy , Universita degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy. FAU - Casula, Manuela AU - Casula M AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5124-5361 AD - b Epidemiology and Preventive Pharmacology Centre (SEFAP), Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences , University of Milan , Milan , Italy. FAU - Tragni, Elena AU - Tragni E AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9932-415X AD - b Epidemiology and Preventive Pharmacology Centre (SEFAP), Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences , University of Milan , Milan , Italy. FAU - Galbiati, Valentina AU - Galbiati V AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3380-1501 AD - a Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Science and Policy , Universita degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy. FAU - Pallardy, Marc AU - Pallardy M AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8869-0365 AD - c Inflammation, Chemokines and Immunopathology , INSERM UMR 996, Univ Paris-Sud, Universite Paris-Saclay , Chatenay-Malabry , France. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20180206 PL - England TA - Expert Opin Drug Discov JT - Expert opinion on drug discovery JID - 101295755 SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Drug Development/*methods MH - Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/methods MH - Drug Hypersensitivity/*diagnosis/immunology/prevention & control MH - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/*diagnosis/immunology/prevention & control MH - Humans MH - Toxicity Tests/methods OTO - NOTNLM OT - *Drug adverse reaction OT - *hypersensitivity OT - *in vitro OT - *in vivo EDAT- 2018/02/07 06:00 MHDA- 2019/01/25 06:00 CRDT- 2018/02/07 06:00 PHST- 2018/02/07 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/01/25 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2018/02/07 06:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1080/17460441.2018.1437141 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Expert Opin Drug Discov. 2018 May;13(5):425-433. doi: 10.1080/17460441.2018.1437141. Epub 2018 Feb 6. PMID- 2307258 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 19900412 LR - 20151119 IS - 0265-203X (Print) IS - 0265-203X (Linking) VI - 7 IP - 1 DP - 1990 Jan-Feb TI - Identification of [14C]carmoisine metabolites in bacterial suspension of rat faeces. PG - 1-7 AB - An in vitro system consisting of a bacterial suspension of human or rat faecal microflora brought about the biological reduction of the red azo dye [14C]carmoisine to 1-naphthyl-amine-4-sulphonic acid (NA) and 2-amino-1-naphthol-4-sulphonic acid (ANA). These metabolites have been unequivocally identified by radio-HPLC, spectroscopic methods, dilution with cold authentic standards and evidence that the specific activity of the diluted compounds remained constant throughout repeated crystallization, acetylation and purification. The results clearly indicated that samples derived from anaerobic incubations have to be processed for analysis in the complete absence of oxygen. In the presence of oxygen, the formation of a complex pattern of compounds in addition to NA was observed as a consequence of the chemical decomposition of ANA. FAU - Tragni, E AU - Tragni E AD - Institute of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, Italy. FAU - Marinovich, M AU - Marinovich M FAU - Ciuffreda, P AU - Ciuffreda P FAU - Anastasia, M AU - Anastasia M FAU - Ferrari, A AU - Ferrari A FAU - Galli, C L AU - Galli CL LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - England TA - Food Addit Contam JT - Food additives and contaminants JID - 8500474 RN - 0 (Food Coloring Agents) RN - 0 (Naphthalenesulfonates) RN - 8ZIK65C5CD (naphthionic acid) RN - BPS154BPHJ (2-amino-1-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid) RN - DR4641L47F (azo rubin S) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Animals MH - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid MH - Feces/*microbiology MH - Food Coloring Agents/*metabolism MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Naphthalenesulfonates/chemical synthesis/isolation & purification/*metabolism MH - Rats MH - Rats, Inbred Strains EDAT- 1990/01/01 00:00 MHDA- 1990/01/01 00:01 CRDT- 1990/01/01 00:00 PHST- 1990/01/01 00:00 [pubmed] PHST- 1990/01/01 00:01 [medline] PHST- 1990/01/01 00:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1080/02652039009373813 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Food Addit Contam. 1990 Jan-Feb;7(1):1-7. doi: 10.1080/02652039009373813. PMID- 3247359 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 19890614 LR - 20031114 IS - 0031-6989 (Print) IS - 0031-6989 (Linking) VI - 20 Suppl 5 DP - 1988 Dec TI - Anti-inflammatory activity of Echinacea angustifolia fractions separated on the basis of molecular weight. PG - 87-90 AB - Five fractions of an aqueous extract obtained from the roots of Echinacea angustifolia were separated on the basis of molecular weight. The topical anti-inflammatory activity of the fractions has been evaluated in mice using the Croton oil ear test. The fraction with a molecular weight between 30,000 and 100,000 was the most active in inhibiting the oedema; it also reduced the infiltration of inflammatory cells. The activity of this fraction was comparable with that of a raw polysaccharidic extract obtained from E. angustifolia roots by differential solubility. The high-molecular weight polysaccharides are therefore proposed as the anti-inflammatory principles of the plant. FAU - Tragni, E AU - Tragni E AD - Institute of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, Italy. FAU - Galli, C L AU - Galli CL FAU - Tubaro, A AU - Tubaro A FAU - Del Negro, P AU - Del Negro P FAU - Della Loggia, R AU - Della Loggia R LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - United States TA - Pharmacol Res Commun JT - Pharmacological research communications JID - 0236354 RN - 0 (Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal) RN - 0 (Plant Extracts) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - *Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/isolation & purification MH - Chemical Fractionation MH - Drug Evaluation, Preclinical MH - Edema/drug therapy MH - Male MH - Mice MH - Mice, Inbred Strains MH - Molecular Weight MH - Plant Extracts/isolation & purification/pharmacology MH - *Plants, Medicinal EDAT- 1988/12/01 00:00 MHDA- 1988/12/01 00:01 CRDT- 1988/12/01 00:00 PHST- 1988/12/01 00:00 [pubmed] PHST- 1988/12/01 00:01 [medline] PHST- 1988/12/01 00:00 [entrez] PST - ppublish SO - Pharmacol Res Commun. 1988 Dec;20 Suppl 5:87-90. PMID- 3237737 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 19890502 LR - 20151119 IS - 0031-6989 (Print) IS - 0031-6989 (Linking) VI - 20 IP - 10 DP - 1988 Oct TI - Reduction rate of 14C-Carmoisine by resting cell bacterial suspension from human and rat faeces. PG - 907-17 AB - 14C-Carmoisine (250/ug; 1.25 x 10(6) dpm) was incubated under strictly anaerobic conditions with resting cell suspension from stool specimens collected from male rats and human male healthy adults. The kinetics of azoreduction was determined as amount of naphthionic acid (NA), the stable metabolite of Carmoisine produced by the activity of the anaerobic bacteria. The analytical determinations were performed by radio-HPLC technique. There were no significant qualitative differences in the radiochromatographic profiles of samples obtained from human and rat flora suspensions. The calculated reduction rates were 5.03 +/- 0.18 nmoles of NA/250/ug protein/min, and 1.72 +/- 0.12 nmoles of NA/250/ug protein/min for rat and human faecal resting cells respectively. From our results it seems that the enzymatic reaction, following zero order kinetics, is similar for the two species and only the reduction rate is different. FAU - Flaminio, L M AU - Flaminio LM AD - Institute of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, Italy. FAU - Tragni, E AU - Tragni E FAU - De Giorgi, A AU - De Giorgi A FAU - Brusa, T AU - Brusa T FAU - Galli, C L AU - Galli CL LA - eng PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PL - United States TA - Pharmacol Res Commun JT - Pharmacological research communications JID - 0236354 RN - 0 (Coloring Agents) RN - 0 (Naphthalenesulfonates) RN - DR4641L47F (azo rubin S) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Coloring Agents MH - Feces/*microbiology MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Naphthalenesulfonates/*metabolism MH - Oxidation-Reduction MH - Rats MH - Rats, Inbred Strains EDAT- 1988/10/01 00:00 MHDA- 1988/10/01 00:01 CRDT- 1988/10/01 00:00 PHST- 1988/10/01 00:00 [pubmed] PHST- 1988/10/01 00:01 [medline] PHST- 1988/10/01 00:00 [entrez] PST - ppublish SO - Pharmacol Res Commun. 1988 Oct;20(10):907-17. PMID- 3144940 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 19890209 LR - 20181113 IS - 0340-3696 (Print) IS - 0340-3696 (Linking) VI - 280 IP - 7 DP - 1988 TI - Arachidonic acid metabolism in HEL/30 murine epidermal cell line. PG - 437-42 AB - The established mouse epidermis-derived cell line HEL/30 was incubated in the presence of 3H arachidonic acid (AA) for 1 h. After medium removal, cells were reincubated with fresh medium in the presence or absence of the calcium ionophore A23187 and tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA). The AA metabolites formed were extracted from cell-free medium and analyzed using TLC and HPLC. The distribution of the recovered radioactivity showed PGE2, 15-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE), and leukotriene B4 (LTB4), as major products of AA metabolism. The presence of calcium ionophore A23187 increased the release of radioactivity, without affecting the profile of metabolites present in the medium. TPA elicited a preferential increase of cycloxygenase metabolism, this effect being reversed by indomethacin. 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid (ETYA) almost completely inhibited LT and HETE formation in A23187 and TPA-treated cells. The results show that HEL/30 cells are able to metabolize AA via both cyclo- and lipoxygenase pathways and that these activities can be modified by chemical means. This cell line might be a suitable tool for studying the involvement of arachidonic acid cascade in cell response to exogenous stimuli. FAU - Tragni, E AU - Tragni E AD - Institute of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, Italy. FAU - Caruso, D AU - Caruso D FAU - Porta, S AU - Porta S FAU - Fumagalli, R AU - Fumagalli R FAU - Galli, G AU - Galli G FAU - Galli, C L AU - Galli CL LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - Germany TA - Arch Dermatol Res JT - Archives of dermatological research JID - 8000462 RN - 0 (Arachidonic Acids) RN - 0 (Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids) RN - 27YG812J1I (Arachidonic Acid) RN - 73945-47-8 (15-hydroxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid) RN - EC 1.13.11.12 (Lipoxygenase) RN - NI40JAQ945 (Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Arachidonic Acid MH - Arachidonic Acids/*metabolism MH - Cell Line MH - Epidermis/*metabolism MH - Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids/metabolism MH - Lipoxygenase/analysis MH - Mice MH - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology EDAT- 1988/01/01 00:00 MHDA- 1988/01/01 00:01 CRDT- 1988/01/01 00:00 PHST- 1988/01/01 00:00 [pubmed] PHST- 1988/01/01 00:01 [medline] PHST- 1988/01/01 00:00 [entrez] PST - ppublish SO - Arch Dermatol Res. 1988;280(7):437-42. PMID- 2886631 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 19870914 LR - 20131121 IS - 0022-3573 (Print) IS - 0022-3573 (Linking) VI - 39 IP - 7 DP - 1987 Jul TI - Anti-inflammatory activity of a polysaccharidic fraction of Echinacea angustifolia. PG - 567-9 AB - The anti-inflammatory activity of a polysaccharidic fraction (EPF) obtained from Echinacea angustifolia roots has been examined using the carrageenan paw oedema and the croton oil ear test. EPF (0.5 mg kg-1 i.v.) almost inhibited the carrageenan-induced oedema over 8 h and furthermore, EPF, topically applied, inhibited mouse ear oedema induced by croton oil. EPF also reduced the leukocytic infiltration of the croton oil dermatitis, evaluated both as peroxidase activity and histologically. After topical application EPF appears to be slightly inferior in potency to indomethacin. The results suggest that the anti-inflammatory activity of E. angustifolia resides in its polysaccharidic content. FAU - Tubaro, A AU - Tubaro A FAU - Tragni, E AU - Tragni E FAU - Del Negro, P AU - Del Negro P FAU - Galli, C L AU - Galli CL FAU - Della Loggia, R AU - Della Loggia R LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - England TA - J Pharm Pharmacol JT - The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology JID - 0376363 RN - 0 (Anti-Inflammatory Agents) RN - 0 (Plant Extracts) RN - 0 (Polysaccharides) RN - XXE1CET956 (Indomethacin) SB - IM MH - Administration, Topical MH - Animals MH - Anti-Inflammatory Agents/*pharmacology MH - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug MH - Indomethacin/pharmacology MH - Leukocytes/drug effects MH - Male MH - Plant Extracts/*pharmacology MH - Polysaccharides/*pharmacology MH - Rats MH - Rats, Inbred Strains EDAT- 1987/07/01 00:00 MHDA- 1987/07/01 00:01 CRDT- 1987/07/01 00:00 PHST- 1987/07/01 00:00 [pubmed] PHST- 1987/07/01 00:01 [medline] PHST- 1987/07/01 00:00 [entrez] PST - ppublish SO - J Pharm Pharmacol. 1987 Jul;39(7):567-9. PMID- 3094508 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 19861030 LR - 20131121 IS - 0006-291X (Print) IS - 0006-291X (Linking) VI - 139 IP - 1 DP - 1986 Aug 29 TI - Lack of correlation between TPA-induced prostaglandin biosynthesis and ornithine decarboxylase activity in Balb/c mouse 3T3 fibroblasts. PG - 186-95 AB - 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) induced in Balb/c 3T3 cells an earliest prostaglandin biosynthesis and an ornithine decarboxylase activation, this time-relation being more evident if serum was added to incubation medium in low concentration (0.2%). However the two TPA-induced events can be almost totally dissociated by pharmacological means, such as indomethacin and calcium-ionophore A23187 which affected PG response to TPA, but did not influence ODC induction. FAU - Tragni, E AU - Tragni E FAU - Corsini, A AU - Corsini A FAU - Fumagalli, R AU - Fumagalli R FAU - Flaminio, L AU - Flaminio L FAU - Galli, C L AU - Galli CL LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - United States TA - Biochem Biophys Res Commun JT - Biochemical and biophysical research communications JID - 0372516 RN - 0 (Prostaglandins) RN - 37H9VM9WZL (Calcimycin) RN - EC 4.1.1.17 (Ornithine Decarboxylase) RN - NI40JAQ945 (Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate) RN - XXE1CET956 (Indomethacin) SB - IM EIN - Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1987 Jan 15;142(1):287 MH - Calcimycin/pharmacology MH - Cell Division/drug effects MH - Cells, Cultured MH - Fibroblasts/metabolism MH - Indomethacin/pharmacology MH - Ornithine Decarboxylase/*analysis MH - Prostaglandins/*biosynthesis MH - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/*pharmacology EDAT- 1986/08/29 00:00 MHDA- 1986/08/29 00:01 CRDT- 1986/08/29 00:00 PHST- 1986/08/29 00:00 [pubmed] PHST- 1986/08/29 00:01 [medline] PHST- 1986/08/29 00:00 [entrez] AID - S0006-291X(86)80097-3 [pii] PST - ppublish SO - Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1986 Aug 29;139(1):186-95. PMID- 4056304 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 19851219 LR - 20151119 IS - 0260-437X (Print) IS - 0260-437X (Linking) VI - 5 IP - 5 DP - 1985 Oct TI - Similar profile of urinary and faecal metabolites of 14C-carmoisine in male and pregnant female rats after oral administration. PG - 273-6 AB - Pregnant rats received 14C-Carmoisine (200 mg kg-1; 25 microCi) by gavage on days 16-19 of gestation. The animals were killed and maternal tissues, amniotic fluid, placentae, foetal membranes and foetuses were analyzed for radioactivity. No evidence for the transplacental transfer of 14C-Carmoisine or its metabolites was obtained. Male rats were given a single oral administration of 14C-Carmoisine (200 mg kg-1; 25 microCi) and killed at different times after dosing. In both male and female animals, more than 90% of the radioactivity was excreted in faeces and urine within 64 h, and the results suggested that there was no significant absorption of the azodye and no preferential concentration of the red food colour or its metabolites in any particular tissue. Analyses by HPLC, combined with a radioactivity monitor (RAM), of urine and faeces of such animals show that five radioactive peaks were present in the radiochromatogram in addition to unmodified Carmoisine. The mean peak shows the retention time and the u.v. spectrum of authentic naphthionic acid. The results demonstrate that the pregnancy does not affect the kinetic and the metabolic profile of a single oral administration of the azodye Carmoisine given at different days of gestation. FAU - Tragni, E AU - Tragni E FAU - Flaminio, L M AU - Flaminio LM FAU - Galli, C L AU - Galli CL FAU - Marinovich, M AU - Marinovich M LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - England TA - J Appl Toxicol JT - Journal of applied toxicology : JAT JID - 8109495 RN - 0 (Naphthalenesulfonates) RN - DR4641L47F (azo rubin S) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid MH - Feces/analysis MH - Female MH - Male MH - Naphthalenesulfonates/administration & dosage/*metabolism/urine MH - Pregnancy MH - Rats MH - Rats, Inbred Strains MH - Sex Factors EDAT- 1985/10/01 00:00 MHDA- 1985/10/01 00:01 CRDT- 1985/10/01 00:00 PHST- 1985/10/01 00:00 [pubmed] PHST- 1985/10/01 00:01 [medline] PHST- 1985/10/01 00:00 [entrez] PST - ppublish SO - J Appl Toxicol. 1985 Oct;5(5):273-6. PMID- 4040084 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 19850821 LR - 20180502 IS - 0278-6915 (Print) IS - 0278-6915 (Linking) VI - 23 IP - 2 DP - 1985 Feb TI - Evidence from two classic irritation tests for an anti-inflammatory action of a natural extract, Echinacina B. PG - 317-9 AB - The roots of Echinacea angustifolia (fam. Compositae) were used to obtain an antiphlogistic, immunostimulating and skin repairing extract. On the basis of these potential actions, the extract is used in cosmetic preparations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of the extract using different irritation tests. The irritation reaction was induced by application of 0.015 ml of 0.25% croton oil in water to the ears of mice. The raw extract (Echinacina B), topically applied, inhibited oedema both at the maximum (6 hr) and in the decreasing phase (18 hr), and this effect was directly proportional to the doses used. Echinacina B was found to be more potent than the positive control, benzidamine, a topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. In addition, the extract given iv 1 hr before injection of 0.05 ml of 1% carrageenan into the hind paws of rats inhibited oedema in the histaminic and in the later phases of the phlogistic process. These data show the qualitative value of irritation tests for studying the anti-inflammatory action of a natural plant extract. FAU - Tragni, E AU - Tragni E FAU - Tubaro, A AU - Tubaro A FAU - Melis, S AU - Melis S FAU - Galli, C L AU - Galli CL LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - England TA - Food Chem Toxicol JT - Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association JID - 8207483 RN - 0 (Anti-Inflammatory Agents) RN - 0 (Irritants) RN - 0 (Plant Extracts) RN - 4O21U048EF (Benzydamine) RN - 8001-28-3 (Croton Oil) RN - 9000-07-1 (Carrageenan) RN - J64J7O64HY (echinacin) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Anti-Inflammatory Agents/*pharmacology MH - Benzydamine/pharmacology MH - Carrageenan/toxicity MH - Croton Oil/toxicity MH - Echinacea MH - Edema/drug therapy MH - Irritants/*toxicity MH - Male MH - Mice MH - Plant Extracts/*pharmacology MH - Plants, Medicinal MH - Rats MH - Rats, Inbred Strains EDAT- 1985/02/01 00:00 MHDA- 1985/02/01 00:01 CRDT- 1985/02/01 00:00 PHST- 1985/02/01 00:00 [pubmed] PHST- 1985/02/01 00:01 [medline] PHST- 1985/02/01 00:00 [entrez] AID - 0278-6915(85)90038-9 [pii] PST - ppublish SO - Food Chem Toxicol. 1985 Feb;23(2):317-9. PMID- 6512167 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 19850204 LR - 20171116 IS - 0260-437X (Print) IS - 0260-437X (Linking) VI - 4 IP - 5 DP - 1984 Oct TI - Quantitative analysis of alpha, beta-thujone, pulegone, safrole, coumarin and beta-asarone in alcoholic beverages by selected-ion monitoring. PG - 273-6 AB - Interest in the quantitative analysis of flavouring agents in alcoholic beverages arises from the possible toxicological consequences deriving from their use. The method reported here, based on gas chromatography with selected-ion monitoring mass spectrometry (SIM), allows the simultaneous measurement of alpha, beta-thujone, pulegone, safrole, coumarin and beta-asarone at the ppb level in alcoholic beverages. FAU - Galli, C L AU - Galli CL FAU - Galli, G AU - Galli G FAU - Tragni, E AU - Tragni E FAU - Caruso, D AU - Caruso D FAU - Fiecchi, A AU - Fiecchi A LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - England TA - J Appl Toxicol JT - Journal of applied toxicology : JAT JID - 8109495 RN - 0 (Anisoles) RN - 0 (Coumarins) RN - 0 (Dioxoles) RN - 0 (Flavoring Agents) RN - 0 (Monoterpenes) RN - 0 (Terpenes) RN - 0 (asarone) RN - 1490-04-6 (Menthol) RN - 4LF2673R3G (pulegone) RN - 8ZI5R3T54Q (beta-thujone) RN - RSB34337V9 (Safrole) SB - IM MH - Alcoholic Beverages/*analysis MH - Anisoles/*analysis MH - Coumarins/*analysis MH - Dioxoles/*analysis MH - Flavoring Agents/*analysis MH - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry MH - Menthol/*analogs & derivatives/analysis MH - *Monoterpenes MH - Safrole/*analysis MH - Terpenes/*analysis EDAT- 1984/10/01 00:00 MHDA- 1984/10/01 00:01 CRDT- 1984/10/01 00:00 PHST- 1984/10/01 00:00 [pubmed] PHST- 1984/10/01 00:01 [medline] PHST- 1984/10/01 00:00 [entrez] PST - ppublish SO - J Appl Toxicol. 1984 Oct;4(5):273-6. PMID- 6736550 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 19840727 LR - 20151119 IS - 0260-437X (Print) IS - 0260-437X (Linking) VI - 4 IP - 2 DP - 1984 Apr TI - Application of a radioactivity detector to the analysis of 14C-carmoisine metabolites by ion-pair high-pressure liquid chromatography. PG - 105-8 AB - 14C-Carmoisine was incubated under anaerobic conditions with a suspension of human faeces. Analyses of the incubation medium by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) attached to a radioactivity monitor (RAM) showed the same radioactivity profile as the urine and faeces of rats dosed with the same azodye (200 mg kg-1; 25 microCi). The analyses were carried out with a 5 micron RP-C18 chromatographic column, using a linear gradient profile of different concentrations of water, methanol and an ion-pair reagent. Five radioactive peaks were present in the radiochromatogram , in addition to unmodified Carmoisine. The major peak retained half of the specific activity of Carmoisine, and exhibited the retention time and the u.v. spectrum of authentic naphthionic acid. The results demonstrate the value and the advantage of using the in vitro preparation as a model to detect and to identify the metabolites of similar synthetic azodyes used as food additives. FAU - Tragni, E AU - Tragni E FAU - Costa, L G AU - Costa LG FAU - Marinovich, M AU - Marinovich M FAU - Galli, C L AU - Galli CL LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - England TA - J Appl Toxicol JT - Journal of applied toxicology : JAT JID - 8109495 RN - 0 (Carbon Radioisotopes) RN - 0 (Coloring Agents) RN - 0 (Naphthalenesulfonates) RN - DR4641L47F (azo rubin S) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - *Carbon Radioisotopes MH - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods MH - *Coloring Agents MH - Feces/analysis MH - Humans MH - Naphthalenesulfonates/*analysis MH - Rats MH - Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet EDAT- 1984/04/01 00:00 MHDA- 1984/04/01 00:01 CRDT- 1984/04/01 00:00 PHST- 1984/04/01 00:00 [pubmed] PHST- 1984/04/01 00:01 [medline] PHST- 1984/04/01 00:00 [entrez] PST - ppublish SO - J Appl Toxicol. 1984 Apr;4(2):105-8.